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Reservoir EngineeringMaterial Balance and Production

Connate Water and Rock Expansion Term Formula

Efw=BticwSwi+cf1SwiΔpE_{fw} = B_{ti}\frac{c_wS_{wi}+c_f}{1-S_{wi}}\Delta p

Connate Water and Rock Expansion Term calculates connate water and rock expansion term for material balance and production workflows in reservoir engineering.

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How engineers use this formula

Use this formula when the listed inputs (B_ti, c_w, S_wi, c_f, Delta_p) are known and the assumptions behind the cited material balance and production relationship match the engineering case being checked.

Assumptions

  • Input values are representative for the well, reservoir, fluid, or equipment case being evaluated.
  • The declared units match the field-unit constants used in the formula.
  • The cited formula applies to the selected petroleum engineering workflow.

Limitations

  • The calculation does not replace a full engineering model or operating procedure.
  • Accuracy depends on the source correlation, assumptions, input quality, and unit consistency.

Common mistakes

  • Mixing unit systems without converting the inputs.
  • Using default example values as field recommendations.
  • Applying the formula outside the source assumptions.

Default example

Using the default inputs, E_fw equals 0.0264 RB/STB.

B_tiRB/STB

1.25

c_w1/psi

0.000004

S_wifraction

0.25

c_f1/psi

0.00001

Delta_ppsi

1440

Inputs

B_ti

RB/STB

Initial Two-Phase Formation Volume Factor

c_w

1/psi

Water Compressibility

S_wi

fraction

Initial Water Saturation

c_f

1/psi

Formation Compressibility

Delta_p

psi

Cumulative Pressure Drop

Outputs

E_fw

RB/STB

Connate Water and Rock Expansion Term

B_ti

RB/STB

Initial Two-Phase Formation Volume Factor

c_w

1/psi

Water Compressibility

S_wi

fraction

Initial Water Saturation

c_f

1/psi

Formation Compressibility

Delta_p

psi

Cumulative Pressure Drop

Source and review

reviewed

Petroleum Office. Material Balance Overview; expansion terms in Havlena-Odeh notation.

Source

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